structure of military government in nigeria

The Supreme Court is the highest court in Nigeria and its judgement or decision is final. It is the legislative branch at the state level of the Nigerian government structure. The Armed Forces Ruling Council: This consist of the Head of State and the Commander In- Chief of the Armed Forces of Nigeria, the Service Chiefs, Inspector General of Police, the Minister of Justice and Attorney General of the Federation and the Secretary to the military Government. There were several failed coups. Obasanjo, quoted in Herbert M. Howe, Ambiguous Order: Military Forces in African States, Lynne Rienner, Boulder/London, 2001, p.54. Also, 3 soldiers were kidnapped in the course of the coup. It is presided over by the speaker of the house. Likewise, Nigeria has been engaged in a long-running anti-piracy campaign in the Niger Delta, which has threatened the vital petroleum industry in the country, which is the source of 90% of Nigeria's exports and 35% of the government's revenue. It has two chambers: the upper chamber, and the lower chamber. The first ever coup was quite bloody and 11 senior Nigerian politicians and 2 soldiers were murders. It is too military in structure. British influence and control over what would become Nigeria and Africa's most populous country grew through the 19th century. It is the law making body of the state and acts as check on the executive arm of the state. Local government must be a legal entity distinct from the state and federal government. structure of military government in nigeria. This includes the acquisition of new armored vehicles, combat aircraft and aerial reconnaissance drones, and the refurbishing of naval vessels, which had suffered from a prolonged periods of poor or minimal maintenance. by . Subject: Government This happened on the 15thof January 1966 and that marked the beginning of military rule in the country. We use cookies and similar technologies to ensure our website works properly, personalize your browsing experience, analyze how you use our website, and deliver relevant ads to you. Like the United States, Brazil, and India, Nigeria is structured as a federation, a structure it inherited from its British colonial rulers. NA, serious overpopulation and rapid urbanization have led to numerous environmental problems; urban air and water pollution; rapid deforestation; soil degradation; loss of arable land; oil pollution - water, air, and soil have suffered serious damage from oil spills, party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Climate Change-Paris Agreement, Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping-London Convention, Marine Dumping-London Protocol, Marine Life Conservation, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlandssigned, but not ratified: Tropical Timber 2006, particulate matter emissions: 48.73 micrograms per cubic meter (2016 est. There are five operational bases; five forward operational bases (with two more soon to come on stream), two dockyards located in Lagos and Port Harcourt and two fleets based in Lagos and Calabar. Lesson notes Thank you. One of the survivors of the coup, Olusegun Obasanjo, succeeded Muritala Mohammed and he promptly set up civilian government and the state of affairs was maintained until 1983. document.getElementById( "ak_js_1" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); Passnownow.com digitally democratizes access to education content for Nigerian Students and Teachers. The Army has demonstrated its capability to mobilize, deploy, and sustain brigade-sized forces in support of peacekeeping operations in Liberia. The Nigerian government structure has been resilient; it has jumped back on its feet and modified itself from past experiences. You can learn more about how we use cookies by visiting our privacy policy page. )nuclear: 0% of total installed capacity (2020 est. ), lowest 10%: 1.8%highest 10%: 38.2% (2010 est. While most movement of Nigerians is internal, significant emigration regionally and to the West provides an outlet for Nigerians looking for economic opportunities, seeking asylum, and increasingly pursuing higher education. However, the coup led to greater problems for the country. 3. This election was seen as Nigeria's most technologically advanced, with INEC deploying an electronic voter accreditation system and results-viewing portal that would enhance transparency and . Finally in 1998, General Sani Abacha died in power as a result of a heart attack and this eventually signalled the end of military rule. Fundamental human rights should be respected by everybody in the country especially the politicians and military. The National Assembly serve as check on the executive arm of the government. At this point in time, the Nigerian military ballooned in strength from 85,000 personnel in 1967, to more than 250,000 troops by the war's end. The Nigerian Navy command structure today, consists of the Naval Headquarters in Abuja as well as three other operational commands with headquarters in Lagos, Calabar and Bayelsa. Note: A ministry with a minister and one or more minister of state has only one permanent secretary. [7], The Nigerian Armed Forces were established in 1960 as the successor to the combat units of the Royal West African Frontier Force stationed in the country, which had previously served as the British Empire's multi-battalion field force, during Nigeria's protectorate period. It is called the State House of Assembly. ), women married by age 15: 15.7%women married by age 18: 43.4%men married by age 18: 3.2% (2018 est. The Air Force started as a transport unit, with the aircrew being trained in Canada, Ethiopia and Pakistan. The Senate is presided over by a chairman, elected by indirect voting. Fitch rating: B (2020)Moody's rating: B2 (2017)Standard & Poors rating: B- (2020)note: The year refers to the year in which the current credit rating was first obtained. )investment in fixed capital: 14.8% (2017 est. The current head of the Joint Task Force in Niger Delta is Rear Admiral Akinjide Akinrinade. The structure of government under Gowon was basically unitarian. The governor is the Chief pilot of the state plane, and has the power to appoint the rest of his cabin crew, which are the commissioners and advisers (unlike the federal level where they are called ministers). Abuja has not successfully implemented family planning programs to reduce and space births because of a lack of political will, government financing, and the availability and affordability of services and products, as well as a cultural preference for large families. It was Major Chukwuma Nzeogwu that officially announced the successful coup on Radio Nigeria in Kaduna. National Economic Council. 4. [26], The Nigerian Navy (NN) is the sea branch of the Nigerian Armed Forces. It is ranked last in the world on the UN Development Programme's Human Development Index. the federal government and its components (state and local government). It is the level of government that is closer to the people and is within the people. The State House of Assembly consists of representatives from all local government areas within that state. The general elections of 2007 marked the first civilian-to-civilian transfer of power in the country's history. With a restoration of democracy, Nigerians are very much determined to sustain it and make the future generation proud to be a part of this great nation. However, these plotters were eventually subdued. Nigeria's default on the issues of democracy and/or good governance and human rights, strained, without a shadow of a doubt, the relationship between the country's civil society, the international community and the Nigerian state under General Sani Abacha. We have in the apex the big Commander-in-Chief and it then goes down. Constitution: Constitution of the Federal Republic of Nigeria. Nigerias first military junta began following the 1966 Nigerian coup dtat which overthrew Prime Minister Alhaji Sir Abubakar Tafawa Balewa. The Nigerian Air force is currently headed by Air Marshal Isiaka Oladayo Amao. B. Im just going to give a quick list here. Nigeria held a successful democratic election in 1999 which led to the election of Olusegun Obasanjo as the President on the 29thof May 1999. It has seen its changes to military regime to democracy era, including the good and bad sides of these regimes. ), total population: 61.79 yearsmale: 59.93 yearsfemale: 63.75 years (2023 est. [5] With a force of more than 2,230,000 active personnel, the Nigerian military is one of the largest uniformed combat services in Africa. At the apex of government was the all-military Supreme Military Council (SMC), which was the lawmaking body for the entire federation. Discuss the reasons why the military involve in politics. One feature that has stayed with the Nigerian government structure is its separation of power. Nigeria is divided into 36 states and the Federal Capital Territory, where the country's capital, Abuja, is located; the constitution also includes a provision that more states can be created as needed. )note: data are in 2017 dollars, 3.65% (2021 est. The masses should be given political education so as to be able to fight for their right when it is being infringed upon. At independence the country was divided into three regions: Northern, Eastern, and Western. The Nigerian civil war; the military was responsible for the civil war that claimed many lives. Military rule in Nigeria first started on January 15, 1966, when a group or army officers overthrew the NPC-NNDP government and killed many of the country's political rulers. )0.5% of GDP (2019) (approximately $3.53 billion)0.5% of GDP (2018) (approximately $3.72 billion)0.5% of GDP (2017) (approximately $3.42 billion), information varies; approximately 135,000 active duty armed forces personnel (100,000 Army; 20,000 Navy/Coast Guard; 15,000 Air Force); approximately 80,000 Security and Civil Defense Corps (2022), the military's inventory consists of a wide variety of imported weapons systems of Chinese, European, Middle Eastern, Russian (including Soviet-era), and US origin; the military is undergoing a considerable modernization program, and in recent years has received equipment from some 20 countries with China, Russia, and the US as the leading suppliers; Nigeria is also developing a defense-industry capacity, including small arms, armored personnel vehicles, and small-scale naval production (2023), 18-26 years of age for men and women for voluntary military service; no conscription (2022), 200 Ghana (ECOMIG) (2022)note: Nigeria has committed an Army combat brigade (approximately 3,000 troops) to the Multinational Joint Task Force (MNJTF), a regional counter-terrorism force comprised of troops from Benin, Cameroon, Chad, and Niger; MNJTF conducts operations against Boko Haram and other terrorist groups operating in the general area of the Lake Chad Basin and along Nigeria's northeast border; national MNJTF troop contingents are deployed within their own country territories, although crossborder operations are conducted periodically, the Nigerian military is sub-Saharan Africas largest and regarded as one of its most capable forces; the Army and Air Force are focused largely on internal security and face a number of challenges that have stretched their resources; the Army is deployed in all 36 of the country's states; in the northeast, it is conducting counterinsurgency/counterterrorist operations against the Boko Haram (BH) and Islamic State of Iraq and ash-Sham in West Africa (ISIS-WA) terrorist groups, where it has deployed as many as 70,000 troops at times and jihadist-related violence has killed an estimated 35-40,000 people, mostly civilians, since 2009; in the northwest, it faces growing threats from criminal gangs, bandits, and violence associated with long-standing farmer-herder conflicts, as well as BH and ISIS-WA terrorists; bandits in the northwest are estimated to number in the low 10,000s and violence there has killed more than 10,000 people since the mid-2010s; the military also continues to protect the oil industry in the Niger Delta region against militants and criminal activity, although the levels of violence there have decreased in recent years; since 2021, additional troops and security forces have been deployed to eastern Nigeria to quell renewed agitation for a state of Biafra (Biafra seceded from Nigeria in the late 1960s, sparking a civil war that caused more than 1 million deaths), meanwhile, the Navy is focused on security in the Gulf of Guinea; since 2016, it has developed a maritime strategy, boosted naval training and its naval presence in the Gulf, increased participation in regional maritime security efforts, and acquired a considerable number of new naval platforms, including offshore and coastal patrol craft, fast attack boats, and air assets; its principal surface ships currently include a frigate and 4 corvettes or offshore patrol ships, the International Maritime Bureau reports the territorial and offshore waters in the Niger Delta and Gulf of Guinea remain a very high risk for piracy and armed robbery of ships; in 2021, there were 34 reported incidents of piracy and armed robbery at sea in the Gulf of Guinea region; although a significant decrease from the total number of 81 incidents in 2020, it included the one hijacking and three of five ships fired upon worldwide; while boarding and attempted boarding to steal valuables from ships and crews are the most common types of incidents, almost a third of all incidents involve a hijacking and/or kidnapping; in 2021, 57 crew members were kidnapped in seven separate incidents in the Gulf of Guinea, representing 100% of kidnappings worldwide; Nigerian pirates in particular are well armed and very aggressive, operating as far as 200 nm offshore; the Maritime Administration of the US Department of Transportation has issued a Maritime Advisory (2022-001 - Gulf of Guinea-Piracy/Armed Robbery/Kidnapping for Ransom) effective 4 January 2022, which states in part, "Piracy, armed robbery, and kidnapping for ransom continue to serve as significant threats to US-flagged vessels transiting or operating in the Gulf of Guinea", Boko Haram; Islamic State of Iraq and ash-Sham West Africa; Jamaatu Ansarul Muslimina Fi Biladis-Sudan (Ansaru)note: details about the history, aims, leadership, organization, areas of operation, tactics, targets, weapons, size, and sources of support of the group(s) appear(s) in Appendix-T, Nigeria-Cameroon: Joint Border Commission with Cameroon reviewed 2002 ICJ ruling on the entire boundary and bilaterally resolved differences, including June 2006 Greentree Agreement that immediately ceded sovereignty of the Bakassi Peninsula to Cameroon with a phaseout of Nigerian control within two years while resolving patriation issues; demarcation of the Bakassi Peninsula and adjoining border areas should be finalized in 2022; as Lake Chads evaporation exposed dry land, only Nigeria and Cameroon have heeded the Lake Chad Commission's admonition to ratify the delimitation treaty which also includes the Chad-Niger and Niger-Nigeria boundaries, Nigeria-Cameroon-Equatorial Guinea: the ICJ ruled on an equidistance settlement of Cameroon-Equatorial Guinea-Nigeria maritime boundary in the Gulf of Guinea, but imprecisely defined coordinates in the ICJ decision and a sovereignty dispute between Equatorial Guinea and Cameroon over an island at the mouth of the Ntem River all contribute to the delay in implementation, refugees (country of origin): 87,220 (Cameroon) (2023)IDPs: 3.17 million (northeast Nigeria; Boko Haram attacks and counterinsurgency efforts in northern Nigeria; communal violence between Christians and Muslims in the middle belt region, political violence; flooding; forced evictions; cattle rustling; competition for resources) (2023), a significant source for cannabis cultivation and methamphetamine production; a major place for transnational drug trafficking networks that supply cocaine to Asia and Europe, heroin to Europe and North America, and methamphetamine to South Africa, Southeast Asia, Australia, and New Zealand; traffickers also involved in the transportation, facilitation, and distribution of illicitly diverted tramadol, total population growth rate v. urban population growth rate, 2000-2030, Children under the age of 5 years underweight, International law organization participation, Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income, Household income or consumption by percentage share, Civil aircraft registration country code prefix, Military and security service personnel strengths, Military equipment inventories and acquisitions, Refugees and internally displaced persons, Center for the Study of Intelligence (CSI). [25] The Nigerian Army has been playing a major role in defence of Nigerian Democracy since the first republic till date. This led to the counter coup led by Muritala Muhammad. The local governmentin Nigeria is the third and the last level of government in Nigerian government structure. The Nigerian government structure is made up of its 3 levels, and 3 arms of government, and leadership structure. Increase in the rate of crime in the country. Provision of basic amenities like education, quality and affordable health care, good water, good roads, etc. Might Interest You: History of Military Rule in Nigeria Causes and Impacts. The speaker of the house is assisted by the deputy speaker of the house. It was usually presided over by the Chief of Staff supreme headquarters. Protection of the country from external and internal threats. Before January 1966, the various regions in Nigeria had different system of governments, at the grassroot level. (male 3,635,334/female 4,123,030), total dependency ratio: 86youth dependency ratio: 80.6elderly dependency ratio: 5.5potential support ratio: 18 (2021 est. The arms of government can be referred to as the branches of government in Nigeria. It can be prevented if politicians learn to avoid mismanagement of public funds. By this, we hope to be able to raise enrollment numbers and reduce the poor academic performance of students and the drastic failure rates in exams while also working to enhance Instructional Practice among Teachers using familiar channels of interaction to train and empower them on the use and adoption of technology. )consumption: 85,000 metric tons (2020 est. Organizing and providing relevant educational content, resources and information for students. Aguiyi-Ironsi (January 16, 1966 July 29, 1966), General Yakubu Gowon (August 2, 1966 July 29, 1975), General Murtala Mohammed (July 29, 1975 February 13, 1976), General Olusegun Obasanjo (February 14, 1976 September 30, 1979), Major-General Muhammadu Buhari (December 31, 1983 August 27, 1985), General Ibrahim Babangida (August 27, 1985 August 26, 1993), General Sani Abacha (November 16, 1993 June 8, 1998), General Abdulsalami Abubakar (June 9, 1998 May 29, 1999). The first one was in 1986, just a year after Ibrahim Babangida was sworn into power, Major General Mamman Vatsa had led a coup to overthrow the government of President Babangida but this coup failed. ), revenues: $12.92 billion (2017 est. Presidential and legislative elections were held in early 2019 and deemed broadly free and fair despite voting irregularities, intimidation, and violence. National and state elections in 2011 and 2015 were generally regarded as credible. The Nigerian Navy is currently headed by Vice Admiral Awwal Zubairu Gambo.[27]. (a) defending Nigeria from external aggression. The future of Nigerian politics lies in tolerating civilian governance. There was a coup attempt during the Abacha led administration in 1995 and this led to the arrest and imprisonment of the likes of General Obasanjo, Major General Shehu Musa Yaradua and some other prominent soldiers. [29], The Air Force sponsors the Air Force Military School, Jos, Nigeria and the Air Force Institute of Technology. The United States established diplomatic relations with Nigeria in 1960, following Nigeria's independence from the United Kingdom. It starts with the three tiers of government in Nigeria. The army took control of the government in Ni-geria in two coups d'tat in 1966. No matter how diligent a company headquarter is, it cannot reach all corners in the nation, so it creates divisions to oversee activities at various levels in a bid to attain efficient administration. Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment. Failure of the elections conducted by the civilian Government in 1965 and 1983 brought about the military intervention. Privacy Policy ), production: 46,296,835,000 cubic meters (2019 est. )consumption: 24,611,480,000 kWh (2019 est. )geothermal: 0% of total installed capacity (2020 est. Age structure 0-14 years: 40.69% (male 47,978,838/female 45,940,446) 15-64 years: 55.95% (male 64,923,147/female 64,241,948) 65 years and over: 3.36% (2023 est.) The National Assembly is also responsible for the approval or disapproval of bills passed into the house, confirmation of appointments made by the president. ), production: 44,000 metric tons (2020 est. ), $26.847 billion (2019 est. As a way of forestalling any coup, he quickly established Supreme Military Council which was to manage affairs of the country. )306.921 (2019 est. In 1956, the Nigeria Regiment of the Royal West African Frontier Force (RWAFF) was renamed the Nigerian Military Forces, RWAFF, and in April 1958, the colonial government of Nigeria took over from the British War Office control of the Nigerian Military Forces. These quick successions of coup would later serve as the foundation for the civil war. The country was at its infantile stage and was still trying to adapt to its new state of independence. Student Guides Be the first to know about new content and opportunities, Reasons for Military Intervention In Nigeria, The Structure of Military Rule in Nigeria, The Weakness or Failure of Military Regime in Nigeria, The Military is hierarchical and centralised, It monopolises the instruments of violence, There is fusion of the executive and legislative arms of the Government, Involvement of civilians in the administration, Discipline and obedience to higher commands, Disputes over 1962 and 1963 census results, Allegation of corruption, nepotism etc among politicians, Low level of honest and reliable leadership, The Supreme Military Council (SMC); the Armed Forces Ruling Council (AFRC), Infrastructural developments e.g. )permanent crops: 7.4% (2018 est. WITHIN NIGERIA has highlighted two significant events that took place on March 4 in Nigeria history in an effort to raise awareness for educational purpose. Since then, in its top-level positions, the country has been ruled by military or police officers, with one solitary civilian governor in the Ibo East Central State. government nearer to the people (most especially people in the rural areas) has prompted the Federal Government of Nigeria to introduce a number of significant reform measures to local government administration, particularly since 1976. [31] JTF HQ is located at Yenagoa. But the manner with which Aguiyi Ironsi took over meant that his stay in power wouldnt last for long. The Chief Judge of each state is appointed by the governor of that state on the advice of the National Judicial Council and the State House of Assembly. Its decrees could not be challenged in any law court. [6] According to Global Firepower, the Nigerian Armed Forces are the fourth-most powerful military in Africa, and ranked 35th on its list, internationally. ), 21.8% of GDP (2017 est. )$38.336 billion (31 December 2019 est. [30], There is a Joint Task Force in the Niger Delta region designated-- "Restore Hope". Nigerian Army Education Corps and School, This page was last edited on 1 March 2023, at 16:09. It is divided into: Arms of Government In Nigeria and Their Functions. )carbon dioxide emissions: 120.37 megatons (2016 est. Soldiers don't belong on the streetsand the army is uniquely placed to pressure the government for police reforms to tackle. ), number of registered air carriers: 13 (2020)inventory of registered aircraft operated by air carriers: 104annual passenger traffic on registered air carriers: 8,169,192 (2018)annual freight traffic on registered air carriers: 19.42 million (2018) mt-km, total: 40over 3,047 m: 102,438 to 3,047 m: 121,524 to 2,437 m: 9914 to 1,523 m: 6under 914 m: 3 (2021), total: 141,524 to 2,437 m: 2914 to 1,523 m: 9under 914 m: 3 (2021), 124 km condensate, 4,045 km gas, 164 km liquid petroleum gas, 4,441 km oil, 3,940 km refined products (2013), total: 3,798 km (2014)standard gauge: 293 km (2014) 1.435-m gaugenarrow gauge: 3,505 km (2014) 1.067-m gaugenote: as of the end of 2018, there were only six operational locomotives in Nigeria primarily used for passenger service; the majority of the rail lines are in a severe state of disrepair and need to be replaced, total: 195,000 km (2017)paved: 60,000 km (2017)unpaved: 135,000 km (2017), 8,600 km (2011) (Niger and Benue Rivers and smaller rivers and creeks), total: 791by type: general cargo 14, oil tanker 110, other 667 (2021), major seaport(s): Bonny Inshore Terminal, Calabar, Lagosoil terminal(s): Bonny Terminal, Brass Terminal, Escravos Terminal, Forcados Terminal, Pennington Terminal, Qua Iboe TerminalLNG terminal(s) (export): Bonny Island, Nigerian Armed Forces: Army, Navy (includes Coast Guard), Air Force; Ministry of Interior: Nigeria Security and Civil Defense Corps (NSCDC) (2022)note 1: the NSCDC a paramilitary agency commissioned to assist the military in the management of threats to internal security, including attacks and natural disastersnote 2: some states have created local security forces in response to increased violence, insecurity, and criminality that have exceeded the response capacity of government security forces, 0.7% of GDP (2021 est. )$22.755 billion (2018 est. )from coal and metallurgical coke: 231,000 metric tonnes of CO2 (2019 est. Notify me of follow-up comments by email. ), 20.4 years (2018 est. ), total petroleum production: 1,646,900 bbl/day (2021 est. Cookies are small files that are stored on your browser. Shortly after its formation, the NAF was engaged in combat operations against the secessionist state of Biafra, during the Nigerian Civil War from 1967 to 1970. The governor assigns public responsibilities to his commissioners and advisers, to help in serving the state better. Just as there is division of power in other tiers, so there is at this tier. Course Finder roads, airports, railways etc Structure [ edit] The Nigerian Army as of 2016 consisted of some 6,000 officers and 150,000 enlisted personnel. It has similar functions as the National House of Assembly. )other: 12.5% (2018 est. The Nigerian government structure is styled into a federal system of government. However, this process was shortlived by the military folks and less than 6 years after independence, Sir Ahmadu Bello; the post-independence leader of the country was overthrown. ), 104.494 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2019 est. In doing so, it played an appreciable part in reinforcing the military's nearly first-among-equals status within Nigerian society, and the linked decline in military effectiveness. Government West-African Constitutional Development Nigerian Military Rule. These divisions are referred to as the 3 tiers of government and the Nigerian government is divided into three levels which include: Now, lets quickly talk about these three tiers of government in Nigeria. 100)FAX: [1] (202) 362-6541email address and website: info@nigeriaembassyusa.orghttps://www.nigeriaembassyusa.org/consulate(s) general: Atlanta, New York, chief of mission: Ambassador Mary Beth LEONARD (since24 December 2019)embassy: Plot 1075 Diplomatic Drive, Central District Area, Abujamailing address: 8320 Abuja Place, Washington DC 20521-8320telephone: [234] (9) 461-4000FAX: [234] (9) 461-4036email address and website: AbujaACS@state.govhttps://ng.usembassy.gov/consulate(s) general: Lagos, three equal vertical bands of green (hoist side), white, and green; the color green represents the forests and abundant natural wealth of the country, white stands for peace and unity, name: "Arise Oh Compatriots, Nigeria's Call Obey"lyrics/music: John A. ILECHUKWU, Eme Etim AKPAN, B.A. These commissioners and advisers cannot be members of the state house of assembly neither can they be members of the national assembly. The judiciary branch comprises of the Supreme Court of Nigeria which presides over the Federal Courts (the court of appeal, the sharia court of appeal of FCT, the federal high court, the customary court of appeal and the high court of the FCT), State Courts (the high court, the sharia court of appeal, and the customary court of appeal), and Election Tribunals. It was an advisory body to the S.M.C./A.F.R.C. This coup was led by Major General Gideon Orkah but it failed again. The president is head of both state and government, and leads the Federal Executive Council (cabinet). The 109th senator comes from the federal capital territory, as only one senator can be elected from there.

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