an integrative theory of intergroup conflict 1979 citation

In J. Suls & A. G. Greenwald (Eds. An integrative theory of intergroup conflict. Fisher, R. J. All new items; Books; Journal articles; Manuscripts; Topics. Social Identification Dimensions as Mediators of the Effect of Prototypicality on Intergroup Behaviours, Endurance Analysis of Automotive Vehicles Door W/H System Using Finite Element Analysis, Hydrogen Bonds of C=S, C=Se and C=Te with C-H in Small-Organic Molecule Compounds Derived from the Cambridge Structural Database (CSD), A New Explanation of K. J. Arrows Impossibility Theorem: On Conditions of Social Welfare Functions, Use of Social Cognitive Theory to Assess Salient Clinical Research in Chronic Disease Self-Management for Older Adults: An Integrative Review. Social inequality is the unequal distribution of resources, power, and status within a society. animals that live in ice caves. Tajfel, H., Flament, C., Billig, M., & Bundy, R. (1971). Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 29 (6), 463-478. Furthermore, and particularly in intergroup conflict contexts, being harmed by outgroups additionally contributes to perceptions of outgroup immorality (Martijn et al., 1992). The recommended socio psychological counseling is based on reconstructing the professional identity of the long-term unemployed person and implementing this before the return to a supported role that should serve as a springboard towards permanent employment. This view comes with one major caveat, however: not all conflicts last long enough that they can bring about major institutional changes. Copyright 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. Blair, I. V., Park, B., & Bachelor, J. 183196). Does positive interreligious contact reduce negative out-group attitudes when intergroup relations are tense and both groups experience extreme conflict and violence. Oxford: Oxbow. There are also a number of structural factors that can contribute to the intensity of the intergroup conflict. Building empathy, compassion, and achievement in the jigsaw classroom. European Journal of Social Psychology, 9, 187204. This tends to lead to Allports third characteristic of intergroup contact; intergroup cooperation (Pettigrew and Tropp, 2005). Some scholars have alluded to the imperativeness of leadership in fostering development in Africa while some pointed a robust accusing finger to the structures of the international political system. Annual review of psychology, 36(1), 219-243. Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, 178, 1014-1030. Annual review of psychology, 49(1), 65-85. doi:10.1146/annurev.psych.49.1.65. About:The article was published on 2001-01-01 and is currently open access. Kanas, Scheepers, and Sterkens found that even accounting for the effects of self-selection, interreligious friendships reduced negative attitudes toward the religious out-group, while casual interreligious contact tended to increase negative out-group attitudes. Social dominance theory describes how processes at different levels of social organization, from ideologies to institutionalized discrimination work together to form and maintain a group based dominance. Simply Scholar Ltd. 20-22 Wenlock Road, London N1 7GU, 2023 Simply Scholar, Ltd. All rights reserved, 2023 Simply Psychology - Study Guides for Psychology Students, Intergroup conflict: Individual, group, and collective interests, Constructive intergroup competition as a solution to the free rider problem: A field experiment, Intergroup relations: insights from a theoretically integrative approach. Rezensionen werden nicht berprft, Google sucht jedoch gezielt nach geflschten Inhalten und entfernt diese, I THE ROOTS OF ORGANIZATIONAL IDENTITY IN SOCIOLOGY AND SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY, II EARLY DEVELOPMENT OF ORGANIZATIONAL IDENTITY THEORY, III RECENT DEVELOPMENTS IN ORGANIZATIONAL IDENTITY THEORY. An Integrative Theory of Intergroup Conflict. British Journal of Social Psychology, 2001. Add your e-mail address to receive free newsletters from SCIRP. Publication language English Pages 15pp Date published 01 Jan 1979 Type Books Keywords Conflict, violence & peace The aim of this chapter is to present an outline of a theory of intergroup conflict and some preliminary data relating to the theory. As a result, both Allport and Williams (1947) doubted whether contact in itself reduced intergroup prejudice and thus attempted to specify a set of positive conditions where intergroup contact did. Patricia L. Obst, Katherine M. White, Kenneth I. Mavor, Rosland M. Baker, Byeong-Sam Kim, Kyoungwoo Park, Young-Woo Kim, Dikima D. Bibelayi, Albert S. Lundemba, Philippe V. Tsalu, Pitchouna I. Kilunga, Jules M. Tshishimbi, Zphirin G. Yav, Kimberly Sell, Elaine Amella, Martina Mueller, Jeannette Andrews, Joy Wachs. Monterey, CA: Brooks/Cole. It has received 13201 citation (s) till now. Philippe Castel, Brigitte Minondo-Kaghad, Marie-Franoise Lacassagne, KEYWORDS: There is, however, considerable debate about which entity or entities are . 2023 Springer Nature Switzerland AG. Lee, B. Cooley, Kevin G. Corley, Barbara Czarniawska, Janet M. Dukerich, Jane E. Dutton, Kimberly D. Elsbach, Wendi Gardner, Linda E. Ginzela, Dennis A. Gioia, E. Goffman, Karen Golden-Biddle, Mary Jo Hatch, Roderick M. Kramer, Fred Rael, G.H. Henri Tajfel's greatest contribution to psychology was social identity theory. Revisiting the Contact Hypothesis: The Case of Public Exposure to Homelessness. For example, two countries that are vying for control of the same piece of land are likely to come into conflict with each other (Fisher, 2000). 120 teachers (Mage=24.00, SD=3.71, 88% female) evaluated a hypothetical exclusion scenario in which, Cette these etudie limpact des degradations de symboles nationaux sur les relations intergroupes et les dimensions psycho-sociales (identification et patriotismes) pouvant le moduler. Additionally, groups that are dependent on each other may also feel threatened by each other, leading to further conflict (Fisher, 2000). Although originally studied in the context of race and ethnic relations, the contact hypothesis has applicability between ingroup-outgroup relations across religion, age, sexuality, disease status, economic circumstances, and so on. Hardin, R. (1995). Past Bodies, pp. Socio Psychological Counseling: How to Manage Identities? Encyclopedia of Critical Psychology pp 17811783Cite as. By Charlotte Nickerson, published Nov 05, 2021. Works, E. (1961). In a single chapter of his book, The Nature of Prejudice, Gordon Allport (1955) attempts to address the question of what happens when groups interact through his intergroup contact hypothesis.. In contrast, Forbes (1997) asserts that most social scientists implicitly assume that increased interracial/ethnic contact reduces tension between groups by giving each information about the other. Open Journal of Leadership, Aligning more with the later work of Allport, Brophy (1946) studied race relations between blacks and whites in the nearly-desegregated Merchant Marine. In addition, children placed in the age-integrated preschool show better differentiation between adult age groups than those not in that preschool. EXPANDING THE. Google . Leadership, Politics, Social Identity, Development, African States, JOURNAL NAME: Who is this we? an integrative theory of intergroup conflict 1979 citation. Patricia L. Obst, Katherine M. White, Kenneth I. Mavor, Rosland M. Baker, Byeong-Sam Kim, Kyoungwoo Park, Young-Woo Kim, Dikima D. Bibelayi, Albert S. Lundemba, Philippe V. Tsalu, Pitchouna I. Kilunga, Jules M. Tshishimbi, Zphirin G. Yav, Kimberly Sell, Elaine Amella, Martina Mueller, Jeannette Andrews, Joy Wachs. When and How School Desegregation Improves Intergroup Relations. March Contact hypothesis was proposed by Gordon Allport (1897-1967) and states that social contact between social groups is sufficient to reduce intergroup prejudice. Monterey, CA: Brooks/Cole. Psychology Press. Structural factors are features of the social environment that shape peoples interactions with each other (Fisher, 2000). All Categories; Metaphysics and Epistemology International journal of psychology, 35 (2), 136-144. Understanding Intergroup Anxiety: Are Some People More Anxious than Others? Racial factors and urban law enforcement: University of Pennsylvania Press. Social geography: race and racism. The researchers found that the more voyages that white seamen took with black seamen, the more positive their racial attitudes became. These feelings of helplessness can lead to a sense of despair or even resignation. Those in the age-integrated preschool (having daily contact with older adults) tended to hold positive attitudes toward older adults, while those without such contact tended to hold vague or indifferent attitudes. Group Processes & Intergroup Relations, 6(2), 151-169. doi:10.1177/1368430203006002002. http://www.bbcprisonstudy.org/resources.php?p=59, http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Bgarc9vSj5I, Grenoble Ecole de Management and Insper Institute for Education and Research, 12 Rue Pierre Semard, 38000, Grenoble, France, You can also search for this author in Social identity theory was developed as an integrative theory, as it aimed to connect cognitive processes and behavioral motivation. [1] [2] This bibliography was generated on Cite This For Me on Wednesday, November 8, 2017, In-text: (Baray, Postmes and Jetten, 2009). Becoming the best place to work: Managing diversity at American Express Travel related services. Smith, E. R. (1999). The Social Psychology of Intergroup Relations 33 (47): 74 (1979) URL http://scholar.google.de/scholar.bib?q=info:_JZ4OXw0-7oJ:scholar.google.com/&output=citation&hl=en&ct=citation&cd=0 search on Google Scholar Microsoft Bing WorldCat BASE Tags 203 Blackfriars Road Both groups perceive the other to be of equal status in the situation (Cohen, 1982; Riordan and Ruggiero, 1980; Pettigrew and Tropp, 2005). Affective and cognitive implications of a group becoming part of the self: New models of prejudice and of the self-concept. Oxford, England: Basil Blackwell. Kanas, A., Scheepers, P., & Sterkens, C. (2015). (1998). Finally, if boundary spanners displayed frequent intergroup contact and identified highly with their organization, group identification was most strongly related to effective intergroup relations. demonstrated that white soldiers who fought alongside black soldiers in the 1944-1945 Battle of the Bulge tended to have far more positive attitudes toward their black colleagues (Pettigrew and Tropp, 2005), regardless of status or place of origin. ), The social psychology of intergroup relations (pp. Contact in anon-contactsociety: The case of South Africa. Jones, S. C. (1973). Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press. Reynolds, K. J., Turner, J. C., & Haslam, S. A. While some theorists believed that contact between in groups, such as between races, bred suspicion, fear, resentment, disturbance, and at times open conflict (Baker, 1934), others, such as Lett (1945), believed that interracial contact led to mutual understanding and regard.. Charlotte Nickerson is a student at Harvard University obsessed with the intersection of mental health, productivity, and design. SIT is a classic social psychological theory that attempts to explain intergroup conflict as a function of group-based self-definitions. International Journal of Group Tensions, 23(1), 43-65. Includes work by: Stuart Albert, Mats Alvesson, Blake E. Ashforth, Marilynn B. 2.1. book Group identification and intergroup attitudes: A longitudinal analysis in South Africa. This analysis of long-term unemployment was done through the consequences for relationships with work with a view to suggesting a suitable remedial approach. An Integrative Theory of Intergroup Conflict. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 74(1), 8085. Les symboles. The prejudice-interaction hypothesis from the point of view of the Negro minority group. Another instance of intergroup cooperation has been studied in schools (e.g., Brewer and Miller, 1984; Johnson, Johnson, and Maruyama, 1984; Schofield, 1986). Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 60, 110 . From a psychological point of view, the main challenges of migration are the re-signification of one's identity, the re-establishment of one's own life in the new country, and facing different social and institutional challenges as well as individual . The United States justified the invasion by claiming that Iraq was developing weapons of mass destruction that could be used to attack the United States or its allies (Eidelson & Eidelson, 2003). Following these studies, Cornell University sociologist Robin Williams Jr. offered 102 propositions on intergroup relations that constituted an initial formulation of intergroup contact theory. tec power grout calculator; bottega veneta sunglasses dupe; sahith theegala swing The aim of this chapter is to present an outline of a theory of intergroup conflict and some preliminary data relating to the theory. Add your e-mail address to receive free newsletters from SCIRP. We are committed to engaging with you and taking action based on your suggestions, complaints, and other feedback. In: New York: Academic Press. The results indicate that Tajfels work on intergroup relations is increasingly cited, especially since the 1990s, and the international recognition of his work is substantial. Social Identity Theory (SIT; Tajfel, 1978; Tajfel & Turner, 1979) begins with the premise that individuals define their own identities with regard to social groups and that such identifications work to protect and bolster self-identity. When we make ethnic identity salient to Asian-American subjects, they make more patient choices. The reduction of intergroup tensions: a survey of research on problems of ethnic, racial, and religious group relations. This study examines the mediating role of, View 13 excerpts, cites background and methods, The goal of this study is to gain insight in how the type of contract an employee holds (temporary versus permanent) influences the relationship between workplace attachment and turnover intentions, View 22 excerpts, cites methods and background, .. xi ZET, By clicking accept or continuing to use the site, you agree to the terms outlined in our. A second set of beliefs that commonly leads to intergroup conflict is the belief that one has been treated unfairly. De-escalation of intergroup conflict can occur in a spiral fashion. All else being equal, the larger the number of people in a group, the more likely it is to be involved in an intergroup conflict. The essay is structured in four sections. An individuals social identity can be defined as those aspects of an individuals self-image that derive from the social categories to which he/she perceives itself as belonging. These propositions generally stressed that intergroup contact reduces prejudice when (Williams, 1947): Stouffer et al. 29, Ziel der Theorie ist es, intergruppale Differenzierungsprozesse, die vor allem durch Konflikte zwischen Gruppen gekennzeichnet sind, zu erklren. For example, realistic group conflict theory (Campbell, 1965; Sherif, 1966) proposes that prejudice toward out-groups is caused by perceived competition over limited resources leading to perceptions of group threat and, consequently, negative attitudes and discriminatory behavior toward the apparently threatening out-group (Craig & Richeson, 2014). Social categorization and intergorup behavior. Tajfel, H., & Turner, J. C. (1979). This often leads to a sense of entitlement and a desire to protect that heritage from contamination by outsiders. (2020). Personality and social psychology review, 7 (2), 129-145. From wars between countries to battles between gangs, intergroup conflict has always been a part of the human world (Hewstone & Greenland, 2000). One for all: The logic of intergroup conflict. Three possible reasons for the recognition his work still enjoys are proposed: its potential to generate theoretical and empirical controversies; its explanatory power; and the extent to which his work is used as a referential framework. Your Bibliography: Baray, G., Postmes, T. and Jetten, J., 2009. Much of the work on the social psychology of intergroup relations has focused on patterns of individual prejudices and discrimination and on the motivational sequences of interpersonal interaction. (2000). The contact theory of racial integration: The case of sport. 2, pp. An integrative theory of intergroup conflict. American psychologist, 58 (3), 182. Enter the email address you signed up with and we'll email you a reset link. holistic dentist lancaster pa; average shot put distance for middle school girl. Cooper, J., & Fazio, R. H. (1986). Tajfel, H., Turner, J. C., Austin, W. G., & Worchel, S. (1979). In M. A. Hogg & D. Abrams (Eds. This chapter presents an outline of a theory of intergroup conflict and some preliminary data relating to the theory. Multicultural education became an agenda of debate among different scholars since its conception during the walk of civil right struggle of the 1960s in the USA supported by the women's right movement of the early 1970s (Banks, Citation 2001; Gorski, Citation 2000).The concept MCE possesses variety of philosophical assumptions and . an integrative theory of intergroup conflict 1979 citation. Kanas, Scheepers, and Sterrkens believed that this effect could be explained by perceived group threat. Legislation, such as the civil-rights acts in American society, can also be instrumental in establishing anti-prejudicial norms (Pettigrew and Tropp, 2005). Psychological Bulletin, 79, 185199. LeVine, R. A., & Campbell, D. T. (1972). However, it was not until the early 1900s that sociologists began to study intergroup conflict in a systematic way, most often to figure out ways to reduce or mitigate it. Your Bibliography: Jacques, K. and Taylor, P., 2009. The work presented here is a research carried out into initiatives for returning the long-term unemployed to work. In-group love and out-group hate as motives for individual participation in intergroup conflict: A new game paradigm. (2000). The weak links may exist because researchers have not always examined identification with the type of group that is most relevant for predicting action. Sims, V. M., & Patrick, J. R. (1936). Sidanius, J., Pratto, F., & Mitchell, M. (1994). Share on Facebook . 1979. T he late Henri Tajfel (19191982) is one of the central figures who shaped the development of post-war European social psychology. As the world faces an array of increasingly pervasive and dangerous social conflicts--race riots, ethnic cleansing, the threat of terrorism, labor disputes, and violence against women, children, and the elderly, to name a few--the study of how groups relate has taken on a role of vital importance to our society. Olivia Guy-Evans is a writer and associate editor for Simply Psychology. Monterey, CA: Brooks/Cole. Dovidio, J. F., Love, A., Schellhaas, F. M., & Hewstone, M. (2017). Female Terrorism: A Review. Turner, J. C., Hogg, M., Oakes, P., Reicher, S., & Wetherell, M. (1987). When I equals we: Exploring the relation between social and personal identity of extreme right-wing political party members. Groups give . BSc (Hons), Psychology, MSc, Psychology of Education. TITLE: Brewer, M., & Gardner, W. (1996). On the nature of prejudice: Fifty years after Allport, 262-277. The more heterogeneous a group is that is, the more diverse its members are in terms of race, ethnicity, religion, gender, age, and so on the more likely it is to be involved in an intergroup conflict. "Ingroup love" and "outgroup hate" in intergroup conflict between natural groups. (2003). Pettigrew, T. F., & Tropp, L. R. (2005). Your Bibliography: Turner, J., 1982. Another important factor is composition. In the 1980s, there was a trend of pervasive age segregation in American society, with children and adults tending to pursue their own separate and independent lives (Caspi, 1984). His contributions range from the establishment of an infrastructure for a European social psychology, and the start of a new intellectual movement within social psychology, to the formulation of a set of concepts addressing intergroup relations that were finally integrated into Social Identity Theory. Anja Eller, Dominic Abrams, Dominic Abrams. Specifically, when individuals with negative attitudes toward specific groups find themselves in situations in which they engage in positive social interactions with members of those groups, their behavior is inconsistent with their attitudes. Research on group identification has shown it to be a surprisingly weak predictor of intentions to take large-scale social action. Pettigrew, T. F., Tropp, L. R., Wagner, U., & Christ, O. One such person to do so was Floyd Allport, who published The Nature of Prejudice in 1954. A content analysis across five journals. Jackson, P. (1985). However, empirical evidence suggests that this is only in certain circumstances. Those who write, adopt, participate in or evaluate prejudice reduction programs are likely to have explicit or implicit informal theories about how prejudice reduction programs work. 1. Abstract Studied the effects of reward magnitude and comparability of the outgroup on minimal intergroup discrimination where self-interest was related to ingroup profit. The Journal of Social Psychology, 7(2), 192-204. ), Psychological perspectives on the self (Vol. 414. It is a case study which is one of the qualitative research methods. Tajfel H., Turner J. C. (1979). Socio Psychological Counseling: How to Manage Identities? Chapter of an ed. In this paper I address this gap by making two moves . Abstract This reprinted chapter originally appeared in Intergroup relations: Essential readings, Key readings in social psychology, 2001, pp. Tajfel, H. and Turner, J., 1979. In: W. Austin and S. Worchel, ed., The Social Psychology of Intergroup Relations.. Montery, CA: Brookes-Cole. Tajfel, H., & Turner, J. C. (1979). Psychological review, 105 (3), 499. Baray, G., Postmes, T. and Jetten, J., 2009. The two groups share similar statuses, interests, and tasks; the situation fosters personal, intimate intergroup contact; participants do not fit stereotypical conceptions of their group members; Does positive interreligious contact reduce, while negative interreligious contact induces negative attitudes towards the religious out-group? Saul Mcleod, Ph.D., is a qualified psychology teacher with over 18 years experience of working in further and higher education. Harvard Educational Review, 15(1), 62-71. Springer, New York, NY. Intergroup conflict refers to any disagreement or confrontation between the members of at least two different groups. A third set of beliefs that can lead to intergroup conflict is the belief that one is vulnerable to harm from others. Stouffer et al. Monterey, CA: Brooks/Cole. Organizational identity: A reader, 56 (65), 9780203505984-16. One important factor is group size. In: Teo, T. (eds) Encyclopedia of Critical Psychology. New York: Praeger. by. Sumner believed that because most groups believed themselves to be superior, intergroup hostility and conflict were natural and inevitable outcomes of contact. The application of attachment theory within intergroup contexts is novel and the positive results found by Mikulincer and Shaver are truly remarkable. First, however, this approach to intergroup behavior and intergroup conflict is set in context in relation to other approaches to the same problems. Email: alnap [at] alnap [dot] org, An Integrative Theory of Intergroup Conflict, Building back better: Evaluation insights on reconstructing the private sector in fragile and conflict-affected contexts, European Bank for Reconstruction and Development (EBRD), Registration, Targeting and Deduplication: Emergency Response inside Ukraine, Impact of Drought on Protection in Somalia (Reporting period: 01 January 2021 31 October 2022), United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (OCHA), GeoPoll Update on Russias War in Ukraine, The State of the Humanitarian System 2022. This intra-group solidarity strengthens the values of concern for the well-being of the members of the group itself and becomes more salient when there is a perception of conflict and social threat (Stephan et al., 2002). BSc (Hons) Psychology, MRes, PhD, University of Manchester. The Role of Threats in the Racial Attitudes of Blacks and Whites. Although meta-analyses, such as Pettigrew and Tropps (2005) show that there is a strong association between intergroup contact and decreased prejudice, whether or not Allports four conditions hold is more widely contested. Theorists have since pivoted their stance on the intergroup contact hypothesis to believing that intergroup contact generally diminishes prejudice but that a large number of facilitating factors can increase or decrease the magnitude of the effect. Anyone you share the following link with will be able to read this content: Sorry, a shareable link is not currently available for this article. A critical approach towards an integrative dynamic framework for understanding and managing organizational culture change 1 UU-PS Interracial housing: A psychological evaluation of a social experiment: U of Minnesota Press. Select your citation . MacKenzie, B. K. (1948). Rediscovering the social group: A self-categorization theory. We identify the marginal behavioral effect of these norms on discount rates and risk aversion by measuring how laboratory subjects' choices change when an aspect of social identity is made salient. From I to We: social identity and the collective self. Mackie, D. M., & Smith, E. R. (1998). Uncertainty and Risk EARTHSCAN RISK IN SOCIETY SERIES Series editor: Ragnar E. Lfstedt Facility Siting Risk, Power and Identity in Land-Use Planning Edited by sa Boholm and Ragnar E. Lfstedt Hazards, Vulnerability and Environmental Justice Susan L. Cutter The Perception of Risk Paul Slovic Risk Governance Coping with Uncertainty in a Complex World Ortwin Renn Risk, Media and Stigma . 173-190). 33-37). Public opinion quarterly, 9(4), 456-466. Pettigrew and Tropp (2005) conducted a 5-year meta-analysis on 515 studies (a method where researchers gather data from every possible study and statistically pool results to examine overall patterns) to uncover the overall effects of intergroup contact on prejudice and assess the specific factors that Allport identified as important for successful intergroup contact. Self-verification: Bringing social reality into harmony with the self. In S. Worchel & W. Austin (Eds. Oxford, England: Basil Blackwell. The importance of contact in determining attitudes toward Negroes. Does the perception of group threat provide a valid mechanism for both the positive and negative effects of interreligious contact? There should not be official laws enforcing segregation. Jacques, K. and Taylor, P., 2009. 2.3k. At an individual level, beliefs of superiority revolve around a persons enduring notion that he or she is better than other people in important ways. We found that social identification with opinion-based groups was an excellent predictor of political behavioural intentions, particularly when items measuring identity certainty were included. Towards a cognitive redefinition of the group. Tajfel (1979) proposed that the groups (e.g. The intensity and severity of intergroup conflict the degree to which the parties are committed to expending resources and energy in an effort to defeat the other depends on a multitude of factors. By using our site, you agree to our collection of information through the use of cookies. Abstract The aim of this chapter is to present an outline of a theory of intergroup conflict and some preliminary data relating to the theory. s (1961) Robbers Cave field study, researchers devised barriers to common goals, such as a planned picnic that could only be resolved with cooperation between both groups. (1945). The authors have identified such a group as a collection of individual having similar thoughts and emotions. Tajfel, H. (1970). Intergroup bias: Status, differentiation, and a common in-group identity. 33-37). There are also a number of beliefs implicated in intergroup conflicts, such as perceptions of superiority, injustice, vulnerability, distrust, and helplessness transferred from one group to another. Research in Community Sociology, 1(1), 121-143. 94-109. ), Intergroup relations: Essential readings (pp. Contact hypothesis was proposed by Gordon Allport (1897-1967) and states that social contact between social groups is sufficient to reduce intergroup prejudice. Leadership, Social Identity and the Politics of Underdevelopment in Africa, AUTHORS: The present study provides an empirical examination of Tajfels contribution to intergroup research over the last 30 years via a citation analysis of five journals: the Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, the British Journal of Social Psychology, the European Journal of Social Psychology, the South African Journal of Psychology, and the German Journal of Social Psychology (Zeitschrift fur Sozialpsychologie). In W. G. Austin & S. Worchel (Eds. Human Relations in Interracial Housing: A Study of the Contact Hypothesis. Taylor, D. M., & Moghaddam, F. M. (1987). There have been numerous conflict models that have emerged over time. Ethnocentrism: Theories of conflict, ethnic attitudes, and group behavior. Brewer, M. B., & Kramer, R. M. (1985). ALNAP Towards a cognitive redefinition of the group. Indeed, more recent research into the contact hypothesis has suggested that the underlying mechanism of the phenomenon is not increased knowledge about the out-group in itself but empathy with the out-group and a reduction in intergroup threat and anxiety (Pettigrew and Tropp, 2008; Kanas, Scheepers, and Sterkens, 2015). Journal of Community & Applied Social Psychology, Understanding peace and conflict through social identity theory: Contemporary global perspectives, Personality and Social Psychology Compass, Multidisciplinary Perspectives on Media Fandom, International Review of Social Psychology, Theories and Controversies in Societal Psychology, When my friend's friend is a police officer: Extended contact, crossed-categorisation, and public-police relations of black and white people, A Behavioral Interaction Model: Towards an integrative theoretical framework for studying intra-and intergroup dynamics, Religion and Reducing Prejudice: A social psychological perspective, The corporeal politics of being in the Neolithic (2008), Henri Tajfels Cognitive Aspects of Prejudice and the Psychology of Bigotry, Critical psychology in South Africa: Histories, themes and prospects, Opinion-based group membership as a predictor of commitment to political action, The Social Identity Approach in Social Psychology, Examining the Longitudinal Structure, Stability, and Dimensional Interrelationships of Team Identification, In-Group Favoritism in Cooperation: A Meta-Analysis, An evaluation of the impact of the European Association of Social Psychology: A response to Schruijer (2012, Social Categorization in Intergroup Contexts: Three Kinds of Self-Categorization, Social Identity Theory and Self-categorization Theory: A Historical Review, IDENTIFICATION IN ORGANIZATIONAL CONTEXTS, Social Psychology: A commentary on Organizational Research, Social cognition: Categorical person perception, Is there space for time in social psychology publications?

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