swing bands featured sections of trumpets, saxophones, and

(optional) Select some text on the page (or do this before you open the "Notes" drawer). instruments (one or more: Piano, In the mid-1930s and early 1940s, The most prominent features of big band swing were the use of written arrangements and improvised solos, repetitive horn riffs, call and response between the brass and reed sections, and a rhythmic drive derived from walking and/or boogie-woogie type bass lines. is America's However, some of the major artists, such as Ellington and Basie, provided much of the music for their orchestras themselves. Jazz began in New Orleans in the Which white swing clarinetist and bandleader, who spent as much of his early career as he could in Harlem, once said, "I was actually leading the life of a Negro musician"? By the end of the war, swing was giving way to less danceable music, such as bebop. Walter Page is often credited with developing the walking bass,[38] though earlier examples exist, such as Wellman Braud on Ellington's Washington Wabble from 1927. woodwinds (saxophones, clarinets), brass (trumpets, trombones) and a back-up Big bands originated during the early 1910s and dominated jazz in the early 1940s when swing was most popular. "Duke" ELLINGTON And this is where the term head comes from, meaning the original melody of the song that is, its all in your head, not written down on paper. of the United States between 1920 and 1970. As jazz was expanded during the 1950s through the 1970s, the Basie and Ellington bands were still around, as were bands led by Buddy Rich, Gene Krupa, Lionel Hampton, Earl Hines, Les Brown, Clark Terry, and Doc Severinsen. "call" and a group does some type of "response"), (2) it (Click on the titles of the pieces African American theaters and night clubs, the Apollo, the Savoy, and the Lafayette, became legendary for presenting jazz combos and orchestras. basic chord progression of a 12-bar blues in the key of "C": (click here to see animated Tenor saxophonist Lester Young (19091959) had a different approach than Hawkins and used a lighter tone. [1][2] The division in early big bands, from the 1920s to 1930s, was typically two or three trumpets, one or two trombones, three or four saxophones, and a rhythm section of four instruments. for hits such as Take the A Train, and Satin Doll, as well as colorful and The saxophone section included two alto saxophones, two tenor saxophones, and one baritone saxophone. www.bigfishaudio.com. widespread popularity of big band/swing was accelerated by the rise of dozens began to emerge from the vocal blues Yet, as woodwind-style instruments, they also feature a wide range of available notes and pitches. (say, the brass section, i.e., trumpets and trombones) would play a musical phrase and then be "answered" by another section (say, the . creating a style known as "Dixieland" Jazz or (Click Jazz Appreciation ICQ (In-Class Quiz) #6 Hearing The Difference: Bebop and Swing - know the three major aural differences between these two eras The Swing Era: The Players and The Features - know names of artists; lists of features-Societal features Jazz's most popular eradominated the mainstream of American popular music Purpose of music primarily for dancing Millions of records sold . She recorded with various jazz orchestras, including her own (Long Gone Blues, 1939) and those led by Benny Goodman (Your Mothers Son-in-Law, 1933) and Teddy Wilson (Sugar, 1939). They established independent patterns for the trumpets, trombones, saxophones, and the rhythm section within segments of the arrangement that featured improvised solos. Traveling conditions and lodging were difficult, in part due to segregation in most parts of the United States, and the personnel often had to perform having had little sleep and food. Henderson and arranger Don Redman followed the template of King Oliver, but as the 1920s progressed they moved away from the New Orleans format and transformed jazz. The Cotton Club, Harlem, New York City, early 1930s. The Cotton Club started in Harlem before it moved downtown. The style features prominent horn riffs, call and response between the brass and reed sections, and a consistent rhythmic drive derived from walking and/or boogie-woogie-type bass lines. Fletcher Henderson (18971952) is credited with creating the pattern for swing arrangements. Some bands, like those of Duke Ellington, Count Basie, and Woody Herman, that performed in the 1920s, 1930s, or 1940s continued to perform successfully into the 1970s and 1980s. 1U^ p(s XA@H:@!+H30q:pYL4#9 S interacts with the bass and drums, and how the beat is divided up in complex counting pattern over again for each successive variation of the pattern Some bands were "society bands" which relied on strong ensembles but little on soloists or vocalists, such as the bands of Guy Lombardo and Paul Whiteman. premiered. Short, repeated refrains or phrases, or riffs, are common in jazz. Guiding Principals. Radio increased the fame of Benny Goodman, the "Pied Piper of Swing". He was also a band leader and arranger who traveled throughout Europe and Japan during the 1950s and 1960s. Since theyre built of brass, saxophones tend to produce a trumpet-like buzzing sound. hmk6^/,$mA% When the tradition came back full-circle into vocal jazz with a has complex syncopated polyrhythms, (3) expressive "blue" (bent Q G("CH^T)daA]yg~zN^y>.g~01D%>7dj.|K+8'9 q*U!i|O1#"v\YOGtc_GD1JL. Rockefeller Arts Center. Ra's eclectic music was played by a roster of musicians from ten to thirty and was presented as theater, with costumes, dancers, and special effects.[1]. saxophonist Gerry MULLIGAN (of the Gerry Mulligan Quartet Beacon, 2006. Woody Herman's first band, nicknamed the First Herd, borrowed from progressive jazz, while the Second Herd emphasized the saxophone section of three tenors and one baritone. Swing bands featured a large ensemble of Among all the jazz vocalists that followed, most cite her as having the most influence on their scatting style. world. Bassists generally assumed the role of timekeeper, while drummers functioned in a dual capacity. Which of the following changes occurred in the rhythm section during the 1930s? is called the "12-bar blues." Samplephonics Soulful Brass Constructions such works incorporate certain elements of the jazz tradition, there is not even The rhythm section would typically include piano, string bass, drum set, with occasional additions of guitar or other chordal/melody instruments. A. ragtime West Side Story. They gave a greater role to bandleaders, arrangers, and sections of instruments rather than soloists. Some large contemporary European jazz ensembles play mostly avant-garde jazz using the instrumentation of the big bands. In the 1960s and 1970s, big band rock became popular by integrating such musical ingredients as progressive rock experimentation, jazz fusion, and the horn choirs often used in blues and soul music, with some of the most prominent groups including Chicago; Blood, Sweat and Tears; Tower of Power; and, from Canada, Lighthouse. Lester Young & Herschel Evans. serene style of "cool jazz" became the rage on the west coast. emerged as piano was added to the rhythm section, and a stronger driving rhythm II. virtuosity. jazz-fusion (combining elements of jazz and rock musics). Lead players (alto sax 1, trombone 1 and trumpet 1) should be in the middle of their sections, in a direct line with one another. And they played dance music. And there were also 2 different styles of Swing music. In Kansas City, Bennie Motens and Count Basies bands had begun developing a looser type of big band arrangement that allowed for freer styles of soloing, giving rise to a unique Kansas City swing style in the 1930s. Swing band music was organized in homophonywhere two or more instruments played similar or complementary lines. Important New York figures of this time include Chick Webb, Jimmie Lunceford, and Duke Ellington. During the 1920s, Kansas City, Oklahoma City, and Dallas were vital crossroads resulting in a mix of musical styles and cultures. The swing era represented the pinnacle of jazzs popularity. Nostalgia for the Big Band style has kept it alive today. the late 1930s through the 1950s, Duke Ellington was one of the premier swing band Swing was hugely popular - in fact, it was the pop music of the 1930's. It was mostly performed by Big Bands, which were large orchestras divided into trumpets, saxophones, trombones, and a rhythm section (which consisted of the drums, bass, guitar and piano). A big band is a type of musical ensemble associated with playing jazz music and which became popular during the Swing Era from the early 1930s until the late 1940s. The Classic Swing Band from Dallas uses this very instrument in every show!! trumpet. The wind component of a big band consists of three sections: the saxophones (usually three to five players with various combinations of alto, tenor and baritone saxes and with some of the players doubling on flutes and clarinets); the trombones (typically three or four players, one of whom specializes on the bass trombone); and the trumpets . New York was an important geographic area for the developments leading toward the swing style of jazz. "Call and Response" was a common musical device. more traditional instruments such as horn, cello, flute and oboe. Hammond, John. Thats what makes it stand out. American society, while standing as a brilliant reflection of American freedom Transcontinental trips often required a stop in one of these cities. [51] Fictionalized biographical films of Glenn Miller, Gene Krupa, and Benny Goodman were made in the 1950s. Fueled by the non-stop nightlife under political boss Tom Pendergast, Kansas City jam sessions went on well beyond sunrise, fostering a highly competitive atmosphere and a unique music culture, attracting many bands from the Southwest known as territory bands, such as Bennie Motens orchestra and the Oklahoma City Blue Devils. Young, who also studied violin, trumpet and drums, displayed an excellent sense of melody in his lyrical soloing. While bassists can use a bow to vibrate the strings, swing band bassists will frequently pluck the strings instead. Trumpets feature a hollow brass tube that is doubles back on itself twice. of American jazz. The Ellington orchestra succeeded in part through the expert use and contribution of consistently talented and unique players. Their styles are uniquely different, yet both helped shape the definition of the pure jazz singer. Miller went in debt to start his band but was a millionaire within two years. here to see a YouTube clip on jazz improvisation). In the early 1970s, Miles Davis began exploring 20th-century popular music and culture. (London: Paladin) 1987. Typically the most prominent shows with the earliest time slots and largest audiences have bigger bands with horn sections while those in later time slots go with smaller, leaner ensembles. - a vocalist with piano or a small backup group. There was a considerable range of styles among the hundreds of popular bands. City. At these venues, which themselves gained notoriety, bandleaders and arrangers played a greater role than they had before. Until the political climate changes in Chile, Allende will write from her current home in Sometimes bandstands were too small, public address systems inadequate, pianos out of tune. HWYo8~G ("b+[:r$%_r8oFdnIt]5pu\Kr|z~+au/I8vTm3}` e In the mid-1930s and early 1940s, Above all else, Swing music is dance music which means it was: This also meant it was incredibly commercial. Dance bands had made phonograph records since the days of ragtime. leaders in America. These artists added new instrumentssuch as congas, other percussion instruments, timbales, maracas, and clavesand relied on powerful multi-rhythmic pulses to highlight jazz compositions within the big band as well as the small combo formats. The swing style developed in the 1930s and continued to be popular throughout the 1940s and beyond as a distinctive genre. White teenagers and young adults were the principal fans of the big bands in the late 1930s and early 1940s. a hint of improvisationthe scores are completely written out Jam Blues features a 12-bar blues pattern with each subsequent varied chorus Swing bands featured a large ensemble of woodwinds (saxophones, clarinets), brass (trumpets, trombones) and a back-up accompaniment (acoustic bass with piano and/or guitar). Mary Lou Williams (19101981) was the first woman in jazz history to compose and arrange for a large jazz band. It was all about showmanship which is epitomised by people like Cab Calloway and Fats Waller. Since 1960, several newer types "Fusion" in its strictest characterized by independent instrumental lines, massive harmonic dissonance, sense means to merge styles together. Jimmy Rushing, Oklahoma City native and early member of the Blue Devils, set a style in blues and jazz that was imitated widely by others. Others challenged him, and battle of the bands became a regular feature of theater performances. ,r,el1)PrPer{mN,cq+W!yJn?@}gU-+GACIuyrPgnpQCZ76il9%0A9b vr, Q&L Sc3oX *{{toV L6G9MTRv&hVSOC9Y)~06CW)j#8qE#C?YOK%d\SC9IT~U {J;F\m`F># Big bands maintained a presence on American television, particularly through the late-night talk show, which has historically used big bands as house accompaniment. From three to five plyers on each instrument might be used. - a jazz choir (with or without instrumental accompaniment): Jazz combos often feature virtuoso performers, on Cubans Mario Bauz and Machito (Francisco Ral Gutirrez Grillo), founder of the Afro-Cubans; Puerto Rican Ernesto Antonio Tito Puente with Oye como va; and Afro-Cuban drummer Chano Pozo (Luciano Pozo Gonzlez), famous for playing with and influencing Dizzy Gillespies Manteca, were among the most prominent band leaders and musicians. Ornette Coleman in the 1960s. - jukebox Which changes occurred in the rhythm section during the 1930s? By the late 1930s, prosperity was returning, and records and radio were extremely helpful in publicizing jazz. Concert Congress repealed the Volstead Act, a law that prohibited the manufacture, transportation and sale of alcoholic beverages, in 1933. Kenton pushed the boundaries of big bands by combining clashing elements and by hiring arrangers whose ideas about music conflicted. African American big band arrangers such as Fletcher Henderson and Eddie Durham were major contributors to the success of white bandleaders such as Benny Goodman, Artie Shaw, and Glen Miller. His pioneering vocal style, which treated his voice as an instrument, provided the foundation for vocal jazz interpretation. Rewrite each sentence following the instructions in parentheses. This form maintains the same chord sense means to merge styles together. Big Bands began to appear in movies in the 1930s through the 1960s, though cameos by bandleaders were often stiff and incidental to the plot.Shep Fields appeared with his Rippling Rhythm Orchestra in a playful and integrated animated performance of "This Little Ripple Had Rhythm" in the musical extravaganza The Big Broadcast of 1938. Saxophones also feature a number of keys built into the main section of the tube; these keys can change the pitch or note being played. The piece has an [32] They experiment, often with one player coming up with a simple musical figure leading to development within the same section and then further expansion by other sections, with the entire band then memorizing the way they are going to perform the piece, without writing it on sheet music. until you reach A general format emerged from the creation of a swing jazz arrangement. the following instruments: The Bob Hope, Shep Fields and The Rippling Rhythm Revue", Photograph of Bob Hope as master of ceremonies on the "Rippling Rhythm Revue" Show in 1937 on Gettyimages, State University of New York, Fredonia. Benny GOODMAN (1909-1986): Sing, Sing, Sing! The saxophone section included two alto saxophones, two tenor saxophones, and one baritone saxophone. These musical ensembles associated with the swing era. In the 1950s, a smooth style of "West in Blue (1925). violin--Ray Nance), (3) trumpet--Rex Stewart, (4) tenor saxBen Webster, Packed with Ph.D.s, this scientific swing band performs a play list that leans heavily toward the heavens. Benny Goodman (19091986) was a superior clarinetist who began appearing on stage by the age of twelve. Many musicians served in the military and toured with USO troupes at the front, with Glenn Miller losing his life while traveling between shows. For the sentence below, write prepositional phrase and underline the preposition. clarinetist, In the late 1940s, progressive Trumpets feature a hollow brass tube that is doubles back on itself twice. While the trumpet is commonly featured in a swing band, a saxophone is also often used to enhance melodies. However, jazz continued its artistic evolution as swing became established around 1929. The Henderson band is considerably larger than most syncopated dance bands of the 1920s (eight or nine musicians). His sax playing is distinguished by a full tone, flowing lines, and heavy vibrato. [31] A head arrangement is a piece of music that is formed by band members during rehearsal. A versatile instrument, the saxophone is swing musics version of the Holy Trinity (celery, bell peppers and onions) used in Gumbo. By 1937, the "sweet jazz band" saxophonist Shep Fields was also featured over the airways on the NBC radio network in his Rippling Rhythm Revue, which also showcased a young Bob Hope as the announcer. was introduced with greater emphasis on the soloist. As swing developed, the second player became responsible for most of the jazz solos. The following sentences describe the life of the author Isabel Allende. [30], Some big ensembles, like King Oliver's, played music that was half-arranged, half-improvised, often relying on head arrangements. [7][8], Jazz ensembles numbering eight (octet), nine (nonet) or ten (tentet) voices are sometimes called "little big bands". The rhythm section of the Benny Goodman Trio and Quartet excluded which instrument? A drummer, bass player (string bass), piano player, and guitarist formed the rhythm section. who specialized in less improvised tunes with more emphasis on sentimentality, featuring somewhat slower-paced, often heart-felt songs.[43]. Jazz elements into his famous musical, Boogie-woogie is characterized by its well-known The instrumental lineup of a big band will vary from ensemble to ensemble, but is typically composed of around 17 musicians, divided into four sections: five saxophones; four trombones; four trumpets; a rhythm section of piano, double bass and drums; Common additions might include guitar, french horn, tuba or a vocalist. Byron Almen, Dorothy Payne, Stefan Kostka. And what better instrument to provide a bona fide rhythm for a swing band than a set of drums? Many bands toured the country in grueling one-night stands. [28] This development may take the form of improvised solos, written solo sections, and "shout choruses". But on performance day, this band of Lab rats replaces the high-tech gizmos with trumpets, saxophones, trombones, drums and a piano. From Perhaps it started with the habanera in Mortons early compositions, and in the bridge of W. C. Handys St. Glenn Miller used a clarinet over his saxophone for identification. A large string instrument with an extremely low pitch, the Double Bass is a staple of most swing bands. intricate fast rhythms and tremendous Swing was the predominant style of jazz music played from the late 1920s to mid-1940s. Fletchers [Henderson] band had the same elements; so did Benny Motens back in 1932, when Basie played with him., Every week they would feature a guest band at the Savoy Ballroom. and His Mother Called Him Bill, featured "Blood Count" and "Lotus Blossom," was a tribute album to . In the fifties, the emergence of rock-and-roll would capture broad attention as jazz moved in new artistic directions. instruments (Saxophone, trumpet, clarinet, trombone, flute, vibraphone, etc.). The trumpet section included four trumpets; the first was responsible for the highest notes. Vocalists began to strike out on their own. Print, p. 226, Learn how and when to remove this template message, "Ellingtonians salute swing era clarinets", Discography of American Historical Recordings: Charles Magnante's Accordion Quartette with guitar and string bass on uscb.edu, "Leone Jump; Swing Low, Sweet Chariot; The Jazz Me Blues; Nursery Rhymes", Discography of American Historical Recordings- John Serrapica (aka John Serry) as a member of the Charles Magnante Accordion Quartette with guitar and string bass on uscb.edu, "JazzTimes 10: Great Modern Big-Band Recordings", "Difference Between Music Composer & Arranger", "Composer Maria Schneider Returns, With A Reckoning, On 'Data Lords', "Billy Strayhorn's Lush Life Beyond Duke Ellington", "Big Band Arranging: for composers, orchestrators and arrangers: 16, Solos and Backgrounds", "Inside the Score in the 21st Century: Techniques for Contemporary Large Jazz Ensemble Composition", "1910s Pop Trend: The Ragtime Dance Craze", "George Robert Crosby Bandleader, Vocalist, Actor, Radio/TV Host", "Sounds of Hot Jazz Stay Warm: Harry James Band to Play at the Mission", "Chapter 11. has undergone several stylisdtic transformations, the most significant of which The major "black" bands of the 1930s included, apart from Ellington's, Hines's and Calloway's, those of Jimmie Lunceford, Chick Webb, and Count Basie. This was in part due to a political organization called the Pendergast Machine which encouraged a nightclub atmosphere. innovators include pianist Dave BRUBECK art form--a unique blending of West African and Western European/American Coast" Cool Jazz emerged, using [24] In many cases, however, the distinction between these roles can become blurred. out of tune) notes, (4) and even a section with Armstrong's famous "scat here to see a YouTube clip on jazz improvisation, click here to see animated Figure 3: WMU's "Gold During the swing era, popular, blues, and jazz vocalists were essential to big band performances. completely abandoned the song's melody, which has made this style less The band features selections mostly from the swing era, with a dose of 50's Sinatra and 60's hipsters. In the late 1960s, Jazz trumpeter Miles collectively . Special thanks to Dr. Portia K. Maultsby and to the Advisory Scholars for their commitment and thought-provoking contributions to this resource. Other bandleaders used Brazilian and Afro-Cuban music with big band instrumentation, and big bands led by arranger Gil Evans, saxophonist John Coltrane (on the album Ascension from 1965) and bass guitarist Jaco Pastorius introduced cool jazz, free jazz and jazz fusion, respectively, to the big band domain. 1. In swing, the saxophone was usually featured as the leading instrumental soloist. an improvisation: melody, harmony, and form. . All the big bands would go up there. These consist of the independent use of trumpet, trombone, saxophone, and rhythm section with the use of soloists. 3 4 5 6 7 8, - Da Capo Reprint Paperback, 1973. Theyre noticeable, but not overwhelming. The swing era followed boogie-woogie. Kansas City, in particular, became a wide-open town totally ingrained in the entertainment business. early style of "Hot Jazz" made its way north to Chicago and east to ", One of the most common forms used in jazz Among other popular singers of the era are Sarah Vaughan and Helen Humes. As purely instrumental jazz Big bands generally have four sections: trumpets, trombones, saxophones, and a rhythm section of guitar, piano, double bass, and drums. Fletcher Henderson, Duke Ellington, and Jimmie Lunceford each led orchestras that achieved international standing. Louis Blues, but by the late 1930s, with the migration of Cubans and Puerto Ricans to New York City, Afro-Cuban music emerged along with new dances, such as the rhumba. "Stachmo") is arguably the most influential performer in the history leaders in America. While all my lessons are free, if you find them useful please consider donating to help keep them coming. Fletcher Henderson and Don Redman are credited with having created the formula for swing arrangements. From California. (1937). A standard big band consists of saxes, trumpets and trombones with a rhythm section. When it comes to swing music, keyboards are typically used as a harmonic element. Big bands of today are not all from an earlier era. During the 1960s and '70s, Sun Ra and his Arketstra took big bands further out. Duke Ellington (18991974) proved that orchestrating jazz was an art of the highest level. Duke Ellington at one time used six trumpets. Professor Daniels book publications include Lester Leaps In: The Life and Times of Lester Pres Young (Beacon, 2002); Pioneer Urbanites: A Social and Cultural History of Black San Francisco; and One Oclock Jump: The Unforgettable History of the Oklahoma City Blue Devils (Beacon Press, 2006). They were knowledgeable and often biased toward their favorite bands and songs, and sometimes worshipful of famous soloists and vocalists. It is usually played by big band ensembles that use a rhythm section with drums, bass, sometimes a guitar, and almost always a piano, a brass section of trumpets and trombones, and a reed section of saxophones and clarinets. Explain your opinion in a book review. An Autobiography: John Hammond on Record with Irvin Townsend. Lester Leaps In: The Life and Times of Lester Pres Young. endstream endobj startxref As I said before, Swing music is played by Big Bands. The band severed ties with the school in 1941 to claim professional status. - The focus shifted away from the arranger and toward the improvising performer. KC Jazz is characterised by: And because KC Jazzsongs were riff based, they were often played from memory by the band (rather than from sheet music). New York in the late 1920s. But Chick Webbs band would cut them., The one radio voice that I listened to above others belonged to Ella Fitzgerald. (of the Dave Brubeck Quartet that also featured alto saxophonist Paul DESMOND), As in midwestern cities, African American migrants transformed New York City in the first half of the 20th century. are described below. Arrangers notated specific notes for each instrument to play in every measure on a written score. The International Sweethearts of Rhythm became known for its strong riffing brass section, heavy percussion, rhythmic sensibility, and dynamic blues playing heard in Jump Children.. While each instrument in a swing band can be compared to an ingredient in Gumbo, none of them have been equated with the seasoning so far. Very important to the development of the Swing Bands were the role of the composer/arranger and the excellent stylizations of musicians. "Hot" Jazz, as improvised over standard blues patterns. The Swing Era: The Development of Jazz, 19301945. Since he could not read music, Webb memorized the arrangements. Since the 1920s, Jazz of the most creative composers in the history of jazz, particularly renowned Later, They were assisted by a band full of talent: Coleman Hawkins on tenor saxophone, Louis Armstrong on cornet, and multi-instrumentalist Benny Carter, whose career lasted into the 1990s.[1]. [4] While most big bands dropped the previously common jazz clarinet from their arrangements (other than the clarinet-led orchestras of Artie Shaw and Benny Goodman), many Duke Ellington songs had clarinet parts,[5] often replacing or doubling one of the tenor saxophone parts; more rarely, Ellington would substitute baritone sax for bass clarinet, such as in "Ase's Death" from Swinging Suites. His music uses Eastern rhythms, meters, and advanced rhythmic techniques. sprouted up in different parts of the United States, and their uniquely hb```. @1&$3.YTyfx.=**hE+f|5SSz/=n/ Some listeners feel that all swing bands sound alike but bandleaders wanted to be distinguished. There was a quality to her voice that fascinated me, and Id sing along with her, trying to catch the subtle ways she shaded her voice, the casual yet clean way she sang the words., A lot of singers think all they have to do is exercise their tonsils to get ahead. This pattern reinforced the second and fourth beat of every measure and later became known as a back beat. Additionally, the drummer accommodated the improvisations of soloists, providing a non-intrusive, laid-back swing pattern. BERNSTEIN also incorporated Cool a) Henderson's big band comprises five brass instruments (three trumpets and two trombones), four reed instruments (saxophones and clarinets), and a rhythm section consisting of piano, bass, The composer writes original music that will be performed by individuals or groups of various sizes, while the arranger adapts the work of composers in a creative way for a performance or recording. The term "big band" is also used to describe a genre of music, although this was not the only style of music played by big bands. He was also one To produce memorable swing music entertainment, you need a solid base, some leading ingredients and some harmonic elements. Ella Fitzgerald contributed to the success of Webbs band in New York City. Holiday crossed musical genres, singing jazz, blues, and pop while keeping her individual singing style. . A big band typically consists of approximately 12 to 25 musicians and contains saxophones, trumpets, trombones, and a rhythm section. How relevant do you believe the poem is today? Other renowned vocalists are blues singers Jimmy Rushing with You Can Depend on Me and Joe Williamss Roll Em Pete, featured with the Count Basie Orchestra, whose repertoire included ballads, jazz and pop standards. trombones Swing music appealed most dramatically to this demographic group: teenagers A "shout chorus" is: the final, climactic chorus in an arrangement Which changes occurred in the rhythm section during the 1930s?

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