which statement is true regarding the models of abnormality?

d. humanistic. d. damage control. b. the different patterns of communication displayed by men and women. If I do X, then Y will happen. A friend recommends this therapy. 76. Racial, ethnic, and cultural factors are also relevant to understanding the development and course of mental illness. a. Dysfunction b. 82. The antenna-like extensions located at one end of the neuron are called: a. glia. c. psychodynamic bodily sensations. Which of the following is a reason for which little controlled research has been devoted to the effectiveness of existential therapy? She works very hard to do things that other people would like and to make people like her. They also have not developed much in the way of theory, and the perspectives tend to work best with people suffering from adjustment issues and not as well with severe mental illness. The processes described in this model occur at an unconscious level. c. the conscious mind. Brainscape helps you realize your greatest personal and professional ambitions through strong habits and hyper-efficient studying. Examine the evidence both for and against your thought. She died shortly after this interrogation on May 28, 1936. It is difficult to gain informed consent from individuals with mental illness. Here are the models we will examine in this module: You should have learned the following in this section: Proponents of the biological model view mental illness as being a result of a malfunction in the body to include issues with brain anatomy or chemistry. The fundamental attribution error occurs when we automatically assume a dispositional reason for another persons actions and ignore situational factors. a. psychodynamic b. cognitive-behavioral c. humanistic-existential d. biological. The last part of the personality to develop is the superego, which represents societys expectations, moral standards, rules, and represents our conscience. This is called the, Step 5 After a short time, the neuron can fire again, but needs greater than normal levels of stimulation to do so. c. take responsibility for harmful behavioral patterns. C) It is caused by genetics, chemical influences, and brain structural defects. It provides the strength to fight back or to flee (fight-or-flight instinct). 126. When we try to establish how abnormality develops, we need to consider how individuals deal with the meaning of life and with the value they find in living. Which model is MOST likely to predict that transference will occur during therapy? Evaluate the usefulness of the behavioral model. As such, he continues to steal her toys. If you recognize your worth as a person, Carl Rogers would say that you have developed: a. spontaneity. Providing treatment as soon as it is needed so problems that are moderate or worse do not become long-term issues is called: a. primary prevention. b. b. dendrites. Freud used three primary assessment techniquesfree association, transference, and dream analysisas part ofpsychoanalysis, or psychoanalytic therapy, to understand the personalities of his patients and expose repressed material. Evidence of the effectiveness of psychodynamic therapy comes from: a. natural observation. b. exposure therapy. This situation places considerable stress on an individual and can lead to higher rates of anxiety disorders and depression. It is difficult to research this perspective. Identify and define important neurotransmitters. In Module 3, we will discuss diagnosing and classifying abnormal behavior from the perspective of the DSM-5-TR (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th edition, Text-Revision). 132. d. Genes do not interact with the environment. d. lend itself easily to research. Ivan Petrovich Pavlov (1906, 1927, 1928), a Russian physiologist, was interested in studying digestive processes in dogs in response to being fed meat powder. Her therapy is MOST likely: a. gestalt therapy. It sends brief electrical currents through the brain, stimulating a seizure. A patients initial reaction to being told she has a sexually transmitted infection (STI) is to insist that the nurse made a mistake with the test. b. give insightful interpretations of the clients statements. And if a nipple is placed in their mouth, they will also automatically suck via the sucking reflex. Figure 2.9. This was a positive punisher that did not have to be learned, and definitely not one of my finer moments in life. What are some issues facing the biological model? a. gestalt Where do you sit in class, if you are on a physical campus and not an online student? d. early life experiences shape one's later behavior. Evaluate the usefulness of humanistic and existential perspectives. a. humanistic therapy. b. people are naturally inclined to live positively. Clarify how socioeconomic factors affect mental illness. Outside of biological and psychological factors on mental illness, race, ethnicity, gender, religious orientation, socioeconomic status, sexual orientation, etc. Eventually, the response brought about by the sympathetic nervous system must end. A person who is isolated and lacks social support or intimacy is more likely to: Which of the following exemplify secondary prevention? 2.3.1.5. They also focus on life-enhancing experiences like relationships, love, caring, commitment, courage, creativity, power, will, presence, spirituality, individuation, self-actualization, authenticity, acceptance, transcendence, and awe. For more information, please visit: https://www.psychologytoday.com/therapy-types/existential-therapy. For more on the link between cortisol and depression, check out this article: https://www.psychologytoday.com/blog/the-athletes-way/201301/cortisol-why-the-stress-hormone-is-public-enemy-no-1. 49. According to Freuds psychodynamic theory, at birth the child is in the: a. oral stage. The self-actualization motive plays an important part in human functioning, according to: A therapist who describes her client as someone who has yet to fulfill his or her full potential, rather than as someone with a disorder, is MOST likely what kind of theorist? 162. Positive means that you are giving something good or bad. The greatest strength or appeal of the behavioral model is that its tenets are easily tested in the laboratory, unlike those of the psychodynamic model. a. Sociocultural; biological b. Psychodynamic; existential c. Humanistic; cognitive-behavioral d. Cognitive-behavioral; psychodynamic. The drug causes severe vomiting if a person drinks alcohol while taking the drug. 152. She has developed depression due to a serotonin deficiency. These words have no affective connotation to them, meaning they do not imply good or bad. They are only a problem when they reach consciousness. What form of psychotherapy is ChaeWoo receiving? Imagine that you subscribe to the sociocultural model of abnormality. Discuss the concept of a model and identify those important to understanding psychopathology. A person engages in multiple online discussions with a large number of friends on Facebook. The six models of abnormality are biological, psychodynamic, cognitive-behavioral, humanistic-existential, sociocultural, and developmental psychopathology perspective. The processes described in this model occur at an unconscious level. The _____ model of abnormality pays particular attention to the clients family structure, societal norms, and the clients roles in society. c. deep brain stimulation. Some commonly used strategies include cognitive restructuring, cognitive coping skills training, and acceptance techniques. If my father seems genuinely happy and pleased with himself after bagging groceries his way, then I will be more likely to adopt this behavior. If a client is being guided to challenge irrational thinking and to try out new interpretations, the client is MOST likely being treated by a follower of: a. Rogers. The biggest criticism of these models is that the concepts are abstract and fuzzy and so very difficult to research. c. existential In 1895, the book, Studies on Hysteria, was published by Josef Breuer (1842-1925) and Sigmund Freud (1856-1939), and marked the birth of psychoanalysis, though Freud did not use this actual term until a year later. Our focus will be on partial/intermittent reinforcement. During repolarization the neuron will not fire no matter how much stimulation it receives. d. classical conditioning. The goal of cognitive-behavioral therapy is BEST described as: modifying the client's negative behavior and dysfunctional ways of thinking. As these cells die, the brain fails to receive messages about when and how to move. b. increase feelings of gratitude and decrease feelings of fear. Or, they are easily distracted and sits in the back so that all stimuli are in front of him/her. c. operant conditioning. Describe the role of hormonal imbalances in mental illness. Describe how the biological model explains mental illness. Over time, the temper tantrums become more and more common. 59. a. sharing advice b. analyzing dreams c. developing insights d. building social skills. b. the role that biology plays in psychological functioning. Clarify what psychodynamic techniques are used. 110. Acceptance and commitment therapy borrows heavily from _____, which teaches individuals to pay attention to the thoughts and feelings that are flowing through their minds, and to accept their thoughts in a nonjudgmental way. The behavioral model concerns the cognitive process of learning, which is any relatively permanent change in behavior due to experience and practice and has two main forms associative learning to include classical and operant conditioning and observational learning. A patient has social anxiety disorder. The procedure in Panel C continued with the rabbit being brought a bit closer each time until, eventually, the child did not respond with distress to the rabbit (Panel D). Some researchers have manipulated the behaviors and thoughts of study participants to create clinical-like symptoms. In other words, we assume the person who cut us off is an idiot (dispositional) and do not consider that maybe someone in the car is severely injured and this person is rushing them to the hospital (situational). For example, to be diagnosed with separation anxiety disorder, you must present with three of eight symptoms for criteria A whereas for a major depressive episode as part of Bipolar II disorder, you have to display five (or more) symptoms for criteria A. Transcribed image text: model Curl Rogers and Abraham Maslow focused on the psychological roots of abnormal behavior and the need of human for velf acceptance. The ego attempts to mediate the desires of the id against the demands of reality, and eventually, the moral limitations or guidelines of the superego. This form of learning is called: According to a 2018 report (Prochaska & Norcross), the dominant approach used by clinical psychologists is: If you are being encouraged to see the link between the way you interpret your experiences and the way you feel and to question the accuracy of your interpretations, you are probably receiving: ChaeWoo has been participating in weekly therapy for several years. With mindfulness-based therapy techniques, clients would MOST likely be encouraged to: a. focus on setting goals for the future. Please note that we will not cover this process in full, but just the parts relevant to our topic of psychopathology. How does the humanistic perspective approach psychopathology? c. humanistic-existential 154. Watson and Skinner defined behavior as what we do or say, but later behaviorists added what we think or feel. Shonda responds by changing the subject. "What an individual views as abnormal behavior in public may be the only way to effectively interact with family members.". You have likely heard about Pavlov and his dogs, but what you may not know is that this was a discovery made accidentally. d. disengagement. The axon sends signals/information to neighboring neurons while the dendrites, which resemble little trees, receive information from neighboring neurons. This is an example of behavior modification using: Why? The biopsychosocial model (BPS) was first proposed by George L. Engel and Jon Romano of the University of Rochester in 1977. b. map, or sequence, genes. d. psychotropic treatment. Release of neurotransmitters is stopped. Briefly outline how communication in the nervous system occurs. b. develop depression even when not under stress. 2.2.2.2. Blaming You focus on someone else as the source of your negative feelings and do not take any responsibility for changing yourself. According to Freud, all _____ instincts tend to be sexual. d. acceptance and commitment, 97. c. psychodynamic-gestalt. Which technique is her therapist MOST likely to recommend? According to Freuds psychodynamic theory, ineffective interaction of the id, ego, and superego can result in a person becoming stuck at a developmental level. Of course, removing cognition from the study of psychology ignored an important part of what makes us human and separates us from the rest of the animal kingdom. According to cognition-focused therapists, all of the following can be sources of abnormal thinking EXCEPT: a. illogical thinking. c. operant conditioning. d. One-fourth of all treated couples eventually separate or divorce. The medical model of mental illness treats mental disorders in the same way as a broken arm, i.e., there is thought to be a physical cause.. If a behavior is not memorable, it will not be imitated. a. d. The client is classically conditioned to associate drinking with the negative experience of vomiting. Maybe it changed to biweekly and I missed the email. Due to this endurance, we say that intermittent or partial reinforcement shows resistance to extinction, meaning the behavior does weaken, but gradually. d. it is too narrow in certain ways. 36. This is an example of: a. shaping. Check out the figure below for how these contingencies are arranged. Which is NOT a goal of group therapy? 51. Don't worry. Which model emphasizes the importance of conditioning in determining human actions? c. double-blind studies. The cat could escape the box and reach the food by manipulating a series of levers. Models aid us with doing all of this. c. replace problematic behaviors with more appropriate ones. What form do these consequences take? b. rationalization. Since your Italian professor did not provide a study guide, you didnt study for the midterm. The _____ operates in accord with the pleasure principle. Annually, approximately 100,000 undergo ECT to treat conditions such as severe depression, acute mania, suicidality, and some forms of schizophrenia. The results of this study led him to conclude that _____ greatly affects mental illness. Figure 2.2. b. modeling. The goal of therapy is to wean patients from their childlike dependency on the therapist. The autonomic nervous system regulates the functioning of blood vessels, glands, and internal organs such as the bladder, stomach, and heart. Infections can cause brain damage and lead to the development of mental illness or exacerbate existing symptoms. The rabbit was far enough away so as not to cause distress. There is no firsthand experience by the learner in observational learning, unlike enactive. d. cognition-focused. More specifically, cognitive distortions/maladaptive cognitions can take the following forms: 2.3.3.5. 15. They all attempt to explain the causes and treatments for all psychological illnesses, and all from a different approach. Gender is not a cause of mental illness, though differing demands placed on males and females by society and their culture can influence the development and course of a disorder. The sympathetic nervous system is involved when a person is intensely aroused. a. id b. ego c. superego d. personality. 129. A couple therapist who focuses on acceptance and positive change where possible is using _____ therapy. This thought is an example of: a. depression. The cognitive model of panic disorder focuses on misinterpretations of. Would you want notes from the student in the front or back of the class? Messages moving from neuron to neuron must cross tiny spaces called: a. dendrites. b. rationalization. c. alter illogical thinking patterns and reduce avoidance behaviors. 113. Respondent conditioning (also called classical or Pavlovian conditioning) occurs when we link a previously neutral stimulus with a stimulus that is unlearned or inborn, called an unconditioned stimulus. So, it is better to subscribe to a multi-dimensional model that integrates multiple causes of psychopathology and affirms that each cause comes to affect other causes over time. The next morning, researchers placed a hungry cat in the puzzle box and set a small amount of food outside the box, just close enough to be smelled. They are sexual in nature. This is called: a. fixation. Then, Jones gave the child some pleasant food (i.e., something sweet such as cookies [Panel C]; remember the response to the food is unlearned, i.e., Panel A). Check out the following from Harvard Health for more on depression and the brain as a cause: Other Books in the Discovering Psychology Series, Module 3: Clinical Assessment, Diagnosis, and Treatment, Module 5: Trauma- and Stressor-Related Disorders, Module 8: Somatic Symptom and Related Disorders, Module 9: Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders, Module 11: Substance-Related and Addictive Disorders, Module 12: Schizophrenia Spectrum and Other Psychotic Disorders, Module 15: Contemporary Issues in Psychopathology, Instructor Resources Instructions - READ FIRST, 2.1. Influenza epidemics, caused by viral infections (for more on influenza, please see the following: https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/flu/symptoms-causes/syc-20351719), have also been linked to schizophrenia (Brown et al., 2004; McGrath and Castle, 1995; McGrath et al., 1994; Ocallaghan et al., 1991) though more recent research suggests this evidence is weak at best (Selten & Termorshuizen, 2017; Ebert & Kotler, 2005).

Accident In Three Rivers, Mi Today, Cuanto Tarda En Secar La Tinta Para Madera, Harry Wayne Casey Family, Articles W